Volcanic Glass D.B. Raw materials

Raw materials of Shirasu-balloons (21 samples)

Chemical composition Color Results of thermal gravity (TG) DTG and Powder X-ray diffraction patterns

Chemical composition (wt%).

No. SiO₂ Al₂O₃ Fe₂O₃ TiO₂ CaO MgO Na₂O K₂O Ig.loss
1-1 74.05 12.79 2.23 0.40 1.85 0.74 2.62 1.12 6.21
2-1 75.21 13.98 1.98 0.31 1.20 0.65 3.06 2.38 3.00
2-2 72.04 13.35 0.79 0.10 1.26 0.54 2.77 4.46 4.86
2-3 72.39 13.34 0.67 0.09 1.23 0.41 3.10 4.65 4.26
2-4 71.87 13.73 0.82 0.10 1.39 0.82 2.79 4.08 4.64
3-1 77.06 12.31 1.35 0.20 0.87 0.52 3.31 1.63 1.97
3-2 73.10 14.34 2.36 0.42 1.25 0.80 3.64 3.10 1.40
3-3 72.29 12.57 1.18 0.16 1.83 0.79 2.45 3.48 4.48
4-1 71.92 12.38 3.66 0.29 1.53 0.75 1.86 1.65 5.99
5-1 76.99 12.88 0.75 0.11 0.27 0.43 3.42 3.32 3.01
6-1 76.81 13.50 0.72 0.10 0.33 0.44 3.54 3.19 2.75
6-2 74.70 15.07 1.03 0.16 0.52 0.47 3.08 2.63 3.31
6-3 73.21 13.43 2.02 0.33 1.94 1.07 2.69 2.11 4.23
6-4 75.71 13.47 1.33 0.26 1.42 0.73 2.43 2.58 4.53
7-1 72.03 14.04 2.14 0.43 1.97 0.78 3.14 2.06 4.08
8-1 74.79 11.56 1.78 0.11 0.80 0.37 2.22 2.12 5.67
8-2 74.52 11.97 1.97 0.12 0.90 0.35 2.41 2.90 6.02
8-3 75.18 12.20 1.92 0.12 0.93 0.37 2.45 3.05 5.68
8-4 74.68 11.90 1.91 0.11 0.85 0.34 2.60 2.97 6.10
8-5 75.31 12.07 1.87 0.11 0.86 0.35 2.81 3.09 5.51
9-1 73.66 12.16 1.45 0.12 0.63 0.48 2.37 2.99 4.73
Average 74.09 12.98 1.61 0.20 1.21 0.57 2.79 2.80 4.42

No.	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃	TiO₂	CaO	MgO	Na₂O	K₂O	Ig.loss
1-1	74.05	12.79	2.23	0.40	1.85	0.74	2.62	1.12	6.21
2-1	75.21	13.98	1.98	0.31	1.20	0.65	3.06	2.38	3.00
2-2	72.04	13.35	0.79	0.10	1.26	0.54	2.77	4.46	4.86
2-3	72.39	13.34	0.67	0.09	1.23	0.41	3.10	4.65	4.26
2-4	71.87	13.73	0.82	0.10	1.39	0.82	2.79	4.08	4.64
3-1	77.06	12.31	1.35	0.20	0.87	0.52	3.31	1.63	1.97
3-2	73.10	14.34	2.36	0.42	1.25	0.80	3.64	3.10	1.40
3-3	72.29	12.57	1.18	0.16	1.83	0.79	2.45	3.48	4.48
4-1	71.92	12.38	3.66	0.29	1.53	0.75	1.86	1.65	5.99
5-1	76.99	12.88	0.75	0.11	0.27	0.43	3.42	3.32	3.01
6-1	76.81	13.50	0.72	0.10	0.33	0.44	3.54	3.19	2.75
6-2	74.70	15.07	1.03	0.16	0.52	0.47	3.08	2.63	3.31
6-3	73.21	13.43	2.02	0.33	1.94	1.07	2.69	2.11	4.23
6-4	75.71	13.47	1.33	0.26	1.42	0.73	2.43	2.58	4.53
7-1	72.03	14.04	2.14	0.43	1.97	0.78	3.14	2.06	4.08
8-1	74.79	11.56	1.78	0.11	0.80	0.37	2.22	2.12	5.67
8-2	74.52	11.97	1.97	0.12	0.90	0.35	2.41	2.90	6.02
8-3	75.18	12.20	1.92	0.12	0.93	0.37	2.45	3.05	5.68
8-4	74.68	11.90	1.91	0.11	0.85	0.34	2.60	2.97	6.10
8-5	75.31	12.07	1.87	0.11	0.86	0.35	2.81	3.09	5.51
9-1	73.66	12.16	1.45	0.12	0.63	0.48	2.37	2.99	4.73
Average	74.09	12.98	1.61	0.20	1.21	0.57	2.79	2.80	4.42

Color.

No. L a b Whiteness (Lab) Whiteness (Hunter)
1-1 78.52 0.46 5.31 77.87 55.70
2-1 68.71 1.93 9.91 67.13 37.49
2-2 86.61 0.87 5.35 85.56 68.40
2-3 89.19 0.50 3.95 88.48 74.51
2-4 86.46 1.01 5.87 85.21 67.50
3-1 75.25 1.04 8.81 73.71 47.16
3-2 76.06 1.18 4.99 76.06 53.24
3-3 90.91 -3.17 9.91 86.19 69.78
4-1 80.45 -0.07 3.42 80.15 60.79
5-1 70.63 1.74 5.78 70.02 44.06
6-1 57.50 0.60 3.16 57.38 30.47
6-2 67.85 2.64 13.66 64.97 32.80
6-3 74.10 0.52 6.53 73.28 47.99
6-4 85.93 0.83 4.33 84.93 67.96
7-1 69.95 1.01 8.85 68.66 40.09
8-1 72.02 -0.09 2.72 71.88 49.07
8-2 85.03 0.03 3.45 84.64 68.11
8-3 86.17 0.22 3.29 85.79 70.20
8-4 83.99 -0.07 2.26 83.83 67.83
8-5 83.58 0.24 2.50 83.39 66.87
9-1 78.41 0.31 5.13 77.80 55.72
Average 78.44 0.56 5.68 77.47 55.99

No.	L	a	b	Whiteness (Lab)	Whiteness (Hunter)
1-1	78.52	0.46	5.31	77.87	55.70
2-1	68.71	1.93	9.91	67.13	37.49
2-2	86.61	0.87	5.35	85.56	68.40
2-3	89.19	0.50	3.95	88.48	74.51
2-4	86.46	1.01	5.87	85.21	67.50
3-1	75.25	1.04	8.81	73.71	47.16
3-2	76.06	1.18	4.99	76.06	53.24
3-3	90.91	-3.17	9.91	86.19	69.78
4-1	80.45	-0.07	3.42	80.15	60.79
5-1	70.63	1.74	5.78	70.02	44.06
6-1	57.50	0.60	3.16	57.38	30.47
6-2	67.85	2.64	13.66	64.97	32.80
6-3	74.10	0.52	6.53	73.28	47.99
6-4	85.93	0.83	4.33	84.93	67.96
7-1	69.95	1.01	8.85	68.66	40.09
8-1	72.02	-0.09	2.72	71.88	49.07
8-2	85.03	0.03	3.45	84.64	68.11
8-3	86.17	0.22	3.29	85.79	70.20
8-4	83.99	-0.07	2.26	83.83	67.83
8-5	83.58	0.24	2.50	83.39	66.87
9-1	78.41	0.31	5.13	77.80	55.72
Average	78.44	0.56	5.68	77.47	55.99

Results of thermal gravity (weight loss, wt%).

No. Total weight loss +100°C +200°C +400°C +600°C
1-1 7.50 7.31 6.21 2.27 0.40
2-1 3.74 3.52 3.00 1.68 0.42
2-2 6.54 6.13 4.86 2.11 0.73
2-3 5.30 5.05 4.26 1.65 0.40
2-4 7.10 6.69 4.64 2.06 0.83
3-1 2.50 2.39 1.97 0.84 0.22
3-2 1.95 1.87 1.40 0.50 0.14
3-3 6.92 6.55 4.84 2.20 1.14
4-1 7.19 7.06 5.99 2.37 0.51
5-1 3.35 3.30 3.01 0.89 0.20
6-1 3.03 2.98 2.75 1.27 0.44
6-2 4.06 3.87 3.31 1.67 0.40
6-3 4.87 4.75 4.23 1.38 0.37
6-4 5.12 5.02 4.53 1.33 0.32
7-1 4.95 4.81 4.08 1.71 0.31
8-1 7.27 7.00 5.67 1.97 0.41
8-2 8.29 7.90 6.02 1.88 0.40
8-3 7.63 7.40 5.68 1.89 0.43
8-4 7.61 7.43 6.10 2.00 0.42
8-5 6.97 6.78 5.51 1.83 0.37
9-1 5.84 5.56 4.73 1.57 0.41
Average 5.61 5.40 4.42 1.67 0.44

No.	Total weight loss	+100°C	+200°C	+400°C	+600°C
1-1	7.50	7.31	6.21	2.27	0.40
2-1	3.74	3.52	3.00	1.68	0.42
2-2	6.54	6.13	4.86	2.11	0.73
2-3	5.30	5.05	4.26	1.65	0.40
2-4	7.10	6.69	4.64	2.06	0.83
3-1	2.50	2.39	1.97	0.84	0.22
3-2	1.95	1.87	1.40	0.50	0.14
3-3	6.92	6.55	4.84	2.20	1.14
4-1	7.19	7.06	5.99	2.37	0.51
5-1	3.35	3.30	3.01	0.89	0.20
6-1	3.03	2.98	2.75	1.27	0.44
6-2	4.06	3.87	3.31	1.67	0.40
6-3	4.87	4.75	4.23	1.38	0.37
6-4	5.12	5.02	4.53	1.33	0.32
7-1	4.95	4.81	4.08	1.71	0.31
8-1	7.27	7.00	5.67	1.97	0.41
8-2	8.29	7.90	6.02	1.88	0.40
8-3	7.63	7.40	5.68	1.89	0.43
8-4	7.61	7.43	6.10	2.00	0.42
8-5	6.97	6.78	5.51	1.83	0.37
9-1	5.84	5.56	4.73	1.57	0.41
Average	5.61	5.40	4.42	1.67	0.44

Fig. DTG (Differencial thermal gravity) patterns (the numerical value: total weight loss (wt%)). Fig. Powder X-ray diffraction patterns (Q: quartz, F: feldspar).



Fig. DTG (Differencial thermal gravity) patterns (the numerical value: total weight loss (wt%)).	Fig. Powder X-ray diffraction patterns (Q: quartz, F: feldspar).