Method of measuring physical properties

  1. Particle size distribution
    Sieving with an electromagnetic vibrating machine was done in wet system first. An applied sieve was JIS 45µm sieve of 200mm in diameter, 60mm in height. The particle size distribution of less than 45µm was measured by the SPA type MICROTRAC analyzer (laser diffraction type).
  2. Bulk density
    Value was calculated from volume and weight of sample when sample was poured into the glass cylinder of about 28mm in inside diameter until about 30mm in height.
  3. Tapped bulk density
    Sample was poured into the glass cylinder of about 28mm in inside diameter until about 30mm height first. Value was calculated from volume and weight of sample after tapping of 200 times (0.85 seconds/times) from 20mm in height.
  4. Particle density
    The volume of the sample of about 80ml was measured using the MULTIPYCNOMETER (pressure comparison method).
  5. Amount of particles floating after dispersed in water
    The sample of about 1.5g was dispersed in distilled water of about 20ml in 100ml beaker first. The particles floating after dispersed was collected using centrifugal separator two hours later. It was filtered and dehydrated using glass filter, and dried.
  6. Amount of particles floating after dispersed in water with ultra-sonic
    The sample of about 1.5g was dispersed in distilled water of about 20ml in 100ml beaker first by ultrasonic during two minutes. Two hours later, the sample was dispersed by ultrasonic during two minutes again. The particles floating after dispersed was collected using centrifugal separator. It was filtered and dehydrated using glass filter, and dried.
  7. Colors and whiteness
    The sample was packed into the folder of 31mm in inside diameter. L, a, b and the whiteness (Lab and Hunter) were measured with a color meter.
  8. Strength (Amount of nonfractured particles after uniaxial compressing)
    Pressure was fixed to 5MPa. The sample of about 12ml (height about 25mm) was packed by tapping into the cylinder of 25mm in inside diameter. The sample in the cylinder was pressed by piston at 1mm/min until reached to 5MPa (2454N).
    The amount of nonfractured particles Sc was calculated by the equation (1) under the undermentioned assumption.
  9. The sample is not the mixture of the foamed particles and unfoamed particles.
  10. The sample is uniform foamed particles of same density.
  11. The density of the particles destroyed after compressed become density (2.35g/cm3) of the raw material glass.
    Sc =100- (1/Dpa -1/Dp ) / (1/2.35-1/Dp ) x 100 --------------- (1)
    Where Dp is particle density (g/cm3) before testing and Dpa is particle density (g/cm3) after compressing.
  12. Strength (Amount of nonfractured particles after hydrostatics compressing)
    After the hydrostatic compressing at 8MPa was done by the compressing method of VSI (volcano silicates industry) society standard of the Shirasu-balloons, sample was filtered, dehydrated, and dried. The particle density of the dried samples was measured, and the amount of the nonfractured particles was calculated by the above-mentioned equation (1).
  13. Scan electron microscope (SEM)
    Observed by the same magnification.
  14. Heatproof temperature
    At first, the sample of 2g was crushed by the vibration-mill using alumina vessel of 10ml for 30 seconds. The sample of about 0.5g was put in the cylinder of inside diameter of 10mm. The sample was compressed for one minute by pressure 250MPa, and the molding body of about 3mm in height was made. For the purpose of the prevention of sticking to the alumina-base or alumina-rod, the molding sample was put between the platinum foil (13mm in diameter and 0.03mm in thickness). The thermal expansion curves was measured at 10oC/min.
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